Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Apollo 11 Golden Jubilee -- Part 3


Hello everyone –

As we conclude our series commemorating the 50th anniversary of the first lunar landing, longtime listmembers may recall that I’ve been fascinated by the Moon ever since I can remember. My grandmother used to sing a song to me called “I See the Moon,” which has this chorus:

“I see the Moon, and the Moon sees me.
God bless the Moon, and God bless me.”

The Moon also appears in this nonsensical nursery rhyme:

“Hey diddle diddle,
The cat and the fiddle,
The cow jumped over the Moon.
The little dog laughed
To see such fun,
And the dish ran away with the spoon.”

Here are some poems about the Moon to conclude Quotemail’s celebration of the Apollo 11 Golden Jubilee!

“The Man In The Moon Came Down Too Soon” (1954)
By J. R. R. Tolkien (1892-1973)

There is an inn, a merry old inn
  beneath an old grey hill,
And there they brew a beer so brown
That the Man in the Moon himself came down
  one night to drink his fill.

The ostler has a tipsy cat
  that plays a five-stringed fiddle;
And up and down he saws his bow
Now squeaking high, now purring low,
  now sawing in the middle.

The landlord keeps a little dog
  that is mighty fond of jokes;
When there's good cheer among the guests,
He cocks an ear at all the jests
  and laughs until he chokes.

They also keep a hornéd cow
  as proud as any queen;
But music turns her head like ale,
And makes her wave her tufted tail
  and dance upon the green.

And O! the rows of silver dishes
  and the store of silver spoons!
For Sunday there's a special pair,
And these they polish up with care
  on Saturday afternoons.

The Man in the Moon was drinking deep,
  and the cat began to wail;
A dish and a spoon on the table danced,
The cow in the garden madly pranced
  and the little dog chased his tail.

The Man in the Moon took another mug,
  and then rolled beneath his chair;
And there he dozed and dreamed of ale,
Till in the sky the stars were pale,
  and dawn was in the air.

Then the ostler said to his tipsy cat:
  'The white horses of the Moon,
They neigh and champ their silver bits;
But their master's been and drowned his wits,
  and the Sun'll be rising soon!'

So the cat on the fiddle played hey-diddle-diddle,
  a jig that would wake the dead:
He squeaked and sawed and quickened the tune,
While the landlord shook the Man in the Moon:
  'It's after three!' he said.

They rolled the Man slowly up the hill
  and bundled him into the Moon,
While his horses galloped up in rear,
And the cow came capering like a deer,
  and a dish ran up with the spoon.

Now quicker the fiddle went deedle-dum-diddle;
  the dog began to roar,
The cow and the horses stood on their heads;
The guests all bounded from their beds
  and danced upon the floor.

With a ping and a pang the fiddle-strings broke!
  the cow jumped over the Moon,
And the little dog laughed to see such fun,
And the Saturday dish went off at a run
  with the silver Sunday spoon.

The round Moon rolled behind the hill,
 as the Sun raised up her head.
She* hardly believed her fiery eyes;
For though it was day, to her surprise
  they all went back to bed!

“The Moon Blessing”
Collected by Alexander Carmichael in Carmina Gadelica (1900)

May thy light be fair to me!
May thy course be smooth to me!
If good to me is thy beginning,
Seven times better be thine end,
Thou fair Moon of the seasons,
Thou great lamp of grace!

The One who created thee
Created me likewise;
The One who gave thee weight and light
Gave to me life and death,
And the joy of the seven satisfactions,
Thou great lamp of grace,
Thou fair Moon of the seasons.

“Wynken, Blynken, and Nod”
By Eugene Field (1889)

Wynken, Blynken, and Nod one night
Sailed off in a wooden shoe —
Sailed on a river of crystal light,
Into a sea of dew.
"Where are you going, and what do you wish?"
The old Moon asked the three.
"We have come to fish for the herring fish
That live in this beautiful sea;
Nets of silver and gold have we!"
Said Wynken, Blynken, and Nod.

The old Moon laughed and sang a song,
As they rocked in the wooden shoe,
And the wind that sped them all night long
Ruffled the waves of dew.
The little stars were the herring fish
That lived in that beautiful sea —
"Now cast your nets wherever you wish —
Never afraid are we";
So cried the stars to the fishermen three:
Wynken, Blynken, and Nod.

All night long their nets they threw
To the stars in the twinkling foam —
Then down from the skies came the wooden shoe,
Bringing the fishermen home;
'Twas all so pretty a sail it seemed
As if it could not be,
And some folks thought 'twas a dream they'd dreamed
Of sailing that beautiful sea —
But I shall name you the fishermen three:
Wynken, Blynken, and Nod.

Wynken and Blynken are two little eyes,
And Nod is a little head,
And the wooden shoe that sailed the skies
Is a wee one's trundle-bed.
So shut your eyes while Mother sings
Of wonderful sights that be,
And you shall see the beautiful things
As you rock in the misty sea,
Where the old shoe rocked the fishermen three:
Wynken, Blynken, and Nod.

Until next time – keep looking up!

Rob

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Apollo 11 Golden Jubilee -- Part 2


Hello everyone –

This weekend marks the 50th anniversary of the first crewed lunar landing on July 20, 1969, when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Apollo 11 lunar module on the surface of the Moon. In honor of this historic occasion, here are some classic poems about the Moon, plus the inscription from the Apollo 11 commemorative plaque that Armstrong and Aldrin left behind on the lunar surface.

“The Moon”
By Sappho (ca. 630-570 BCE)
Translated by Sir Edwin Arnold (1832-1904)

The stars about the lovely Moon
Fade back and vanish very soon,
When, round and full, her silver face
Swims into sight, and lights all space.

“Eldorado”
By Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)

Gaily bedight,
A gallant knight,
In sunshine and in shadow,  
Had journeyed long,  
Singing a song,
In search of Eldorado.

But he grew old—
This knight so bold—  
And o’er his heart a shadow—  
Fell as he found
No spot of ground
That looked like Eldorado.

And, as his strength  
Failed him at length,
He met a pilgrim shadow—  
 ‘Shadow,’ said he,  
 ‘Where can it be—
This land of Eldorado?’

‘Over the Mountains
Of the Moon,
Down the Valley of the Shadow,  
Ride, boldly ride,’
The shade replied,—
‘If you seek for Eldorado!’

“The Moon” (From A Child’s Garden of Verses, 1885)
By Robert Louis Stevenson (1850-1894)

The Moon has a face like the clock in the hall;
She shines on thieves on the garden wall,
On streets and fields and harbor quays,
And birdies asleep in the forks of the trees.

The squalling cat and the squeaking mouse,
The howling dog by the door of the house,
The bat that lies in bed at noon,
All love to be out by the light of the Moon.

But all of the things that belong to the day
Cuddle to sleep to be out of her way;
And flowers and children close their eyes
Till up in the morning the Sun shall arise.

“Kind Moon”
By Sara Teasdale (1884-1933)

I think the Moon is very kind
To take such trouble just for me.
He came along with me from home
To keep me company.

He went as fast as I could run;
I wonder how he crossed the sky?
I'm sure he hasn’t legs and feet
Or any wings to fly.

Yet here he is above their roof;
Perhaps he thinks it isn’t right
For me to go so far alone,
Though Mother said I might.

Apollo 11 Plaque Inscription
HERE MEN FROM THE PLANET EARTH FIRST SET FOOT UPON THE MOON JULY 1969, A.D.
WE CAME IN PEACE FOR ALL MANKIND.
(Signatures: Armstrong, Collins, Aldrin, Nixon)

Until next time – keep looking up! J
Rob


Friday, July 12, 2019

Apollo 11 Golden Jubilee -- Part 1


Hello everyone –

July 2019 marks the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 landing on the Moon, and to celebrate this auspicious occasion, I’ll be sending forth a three-part series (starting today) on Earth’s nearest neighbor in space – the Moon! First up, we have some ancient poems and legends about our planet’s only natural satellite.

LUNAR POEMS FROM ANCIENT GREECE – INTRODUCTION
        The annual cycle of the seasons and its effects on our natural surroundings are recurring themes throughout world literature. The Orphic poets – a guild of ancient Greek philosopher-bards named after their legendary founder, Orpheus – celebrated the changing of the seasons, the wonders of the natural world, and their lofty ideals in poetic chants, several dozen of which were preserved in written form after centuries of oral transmission. In the poetic forms of their prescientific age (ca. 1000-500 BCE), the Orphic poets chose to personify the forces of Nature, the celestial orbs, and abstract ideals in order to explain how and why the natural world and the human social order function in the ways that they do.
          The Homeric school of poetry, founded perhaps by Homer himself (fl. ca. 8th century BCE), and carried forward by his disciples and successors for many generations, also produced poems that celebrated heroic deeds and the mysterious forces of Nature, many of which were personified as divine or semidivine beings. In both of the following poems, we can learn how the ancient Greeks perceived the Moon, not as a dead rock in space, but as a living entity (or as a celestial orb ruled by a divine guardian – in this case, Artemis [in Greek] or Diana [in Latin]).

Orphic Hymn #8: TO THE MOON
(The FUMIGATION from AROMATICS)

Hear, divine queen, diffusing silver light,
Bull-horned and wandering through the gloom of Night.
With stars surrounded, and with circuit wide
Night’s torch extending, through the heavens you ride:
Female and Male with borrowed rays you shine,
And now full-orbed, now tending to decline.
Mother of ages, fruit-producing Moon,
Whose amber orb makes Night’s reflected noon:
Lover of horses, splendid, queen of Night,
All-seeing power bedecked with starry light.
Lover of vigilance, the foe of strife,
In peace rejoicing, and a prudent life:
Fair lamp of Night, its ornament and friend,
Who gives to Nature’s works their destined end.
Queen of the stars, all-wife Diana hail!
Decked with a graceful robe and shining veil;
Come, blessed, divine, prudent, starry, bright,
Come lunar lamp with chaste and splendid light,
Shine on these sacred rites with prosperous rays,
And pleased accept your suppliant’s mystic praise.

Homeric Hymn #32: TO THE MOON
          [1] And next, sweet voiced Muses, daughters of Zeus, well-skilled in song, tell of the long-winged Moon. From her immortal head a radiance is shown from heaven and embraces earth; and great is the beauty that arises [5] from her shining light. The air, unlit before, glows with the light of her golden crown, and her rays beam clear, whensoever the bright Moon having bathed her lovely body in the waters of Ocean, and donned her far-gleaming raiment, and yoked her strong-necked, shining team, [10] drives on her long-maned horses at full speed, at eventime in the mid-month: then her great orbit is full and then her beams shine brightest as she increases. So she is a sure token and a sign to mortals.
          [15] Once [Zeus] the son of Cronos was joined with her in love; and she conceived and bore a daughter Pandia, exceedingly lovely amongst the immortals.
          Hail, white-armed divine, bright Moon, mild, bright-tressed queen! And now I will leave you and sing the glories of men half-divine, whose deeds minstrels, [20] the servants of the Muses, celebrate with lovely lips.

Chinese Stories: Houyi and Chang’e
            According to legend, Chang'e and her husband Houyi were immortals living in heaven. One day, the ten sons of the Jade Emperor transformed into ten suns, causing the earth to scorch. Having failed to order his sons to stop ruining the earth, the Jade Emperor summoned Houyi for help. Houyi, using his legendary archery skills, shot down nine of the sons, but spared one son to be the sun. The Jade Emperor was obviously not pleased with Houyi's solution to save the earth: nine of his sons were dead. As punishment, the Jade Emperor banished Houyi and Chang'e to live as mere mortals on earth.
            Seeing that Chang'e felt extremely miserable over her loss of immortality, Houyi decided to journey on a long, perilous quest to find the pill of immortality so that the couple could be immortals again. At the end of his quest he met the Queen Mother of the West who agreed to give him the pill, but warned him that each person would only need half the pill to become immortal.
           Houyi brought the pill home and stored it in a case. He warned Chang'e not to open the case and then left home for a while. Like Pandora in Greek mythology, Chang'e became too curious: she opened up the case and found the pill just as Houyi was returning home. Nervous that Houyi would catch her discovering the contents of the case, she accidentally swallowed the entire pill. She started to float into the sky because of the overdose. Although Houyi wanted to shoot her down in order to prevent her from floating further, he could not bear to aim the arrow at her. Chang'e kept on floating until she landed on the moon.
            While she became lonely on the moon without her husband, she did have company. A jade rabbit, who manufactured elixirs, as well as the woodcutter Wu Gang, also lived on the moon.
            This story was adapted in 2003 into a Chinese TV period drama titled Moon Fairy, starring Singapore actors Fann Wong and Christopher Lee. Chang'e appears in Wu Cheng'en's novel Journey to the West and also TV adaptations of the novel. Her story was slightly changed in that she did not go to the moon on her first try but went to the heavens instead. She would later be rewarded by being allowed to live on the moon after an incident which involved her and Zhu Bajie. China's chairman, Mao Zedong, mentions Chang'e in his most famous poem, about his murdered wife Yang Kaihui. The legend of Lady Chang-O plays a prominent role in Amy Tan's children's book, The Moon Lady, retold from her more adult novel The Joy Luck Club.
            The moon goddess was mentioned in the conversation between Houston Capcom and Apollo 11 crew just before the first moon landing:
  • Houston: Among the large headlines concerning Apollo this morning there's one asking that you watch for a lovely girl with a big rabbit. An ancient legend says a beautiful Chinese girl called Chang-o has been living there for 4000 years. It seems she was banished to the moon because she stole the pill for immortality from her husband. You might also look for her companion, a large Chinese rabbit, who is easy to spot since he is only standing on his hind feet in the shade of a cinnamon tree. The name of the rabbit is not recorded.
  • Collins: Okay, we'll keep a close eye for the bunny girl.
In 2007, China launched its first lunar probe, named Chang'e 1 in the goddess' honor.

From medieval Japan comes the Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, also known as the Tale of the Moon Princess. You can find a version of this classic proto-science-fiction story here:


Until next week – keep looking up! J

Rob

Wednesday, July 3, 2019

Happy 4th of July!


Hello everyone –

This week, in addition to Independence Day, our nation remembers the Battle of Gettysburg – the turning point of the Civil War – which took place in Pennsylvania (July 1-4, 1863). Here are some historical reflections, centered on the memory of our greatest President, Abraham Lincoln, to remind us that we ourselves, in the present day, are shaping the future course of our nation, even though we may be unaware of it.

“The Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865, 16th President of the United States)

       Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
       Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.
       But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us — that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion — that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain — that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom — and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) on Abraham Lincoln
Printed in the New York World – 1909

“Of all the great national heroes and statesmen of history Lincoln is the only real giant. Alexander, Frederick the Great, Caesar, Napoleon, Gladstone and even Washington stand in greatness of character, in depth of feeling and in a certain moral power far behind Lincoln. Lincoln was a man of whom a nation has a right to be proud; he was a Christ in miniature, a saint of humanity, whose name will live thousands of years in the legends of future generations. We are still too near to his greatness, and so can hardly appreciate his divine power; but after a few centuries more our posterity will find him considerably bigger than we do. His genius is still too strong and too powerful for the common understanding, just as the Sun is too hot when its light beams directly on us.”

“Abraham Lincoln Walks at Midnight” (1914)
By Vachel Lindsay (1879-1931)

It is portentous, and a thing of state
That here at midnight, in our little town
A mourning figure walks, and will not rest,
Near the old court-house pacing up and down,
Or by his homestead, or in shadowed yards
He lingers where his children used to play,
Or through the market, on the well-worn stones
He stalks until the dawn-stars burn away.
A bronzed, lank man! His suit of ancient black,
A famous high top-hat and plain worn shawl
Make him the quaint great figure that men love,
The prairie-lawyer, master of us all.
He cannot sleep upon his hillside now.
He is among us: — as in times before!
And we who toss and lie awake for long
Breathe deep, and start, to see him pass the door.
His head is bowed. He thinks on men and kings.
Yea, when the sick world cries, how can he sleep?
Too many peasants fight, they know not why,
Too many homesteads in black terror weep.
The sins of all the war-lords burn his heart.
He sees the dreadnaughts scouring every main.
He carries on his shawl-wrapped shoulders now
The bitterness, the folly and the pain.
He cannot rest until a spirit-dawn
Shall come; — the shining hope of Europe free:
The league of sober folk, the Workers’ Earth,
Bringing long peace to Cornland, Alp and Sea.
It breaks his heart that kings must murder still,
That all his hours of travail here for men
Seem yet in vain. And who will bring white peace
That he may sleep upon his hill again?

Happy 4th of July –
Rob J